Poland

In brief: Polish findings from EU Kids Online 2020

Polish children aged 9 to 17 are mostly mobile internet users. They usually connect to the internet via a mobile phone or smartphone – about eight in ten (84%) do this daily or more often. Interestingly, girls turned out to use mobile internet more often than boys. The internet is mostly used for entertainment and peer communication.

Older students and girls use the internet more often for learning and social engagement. At school the internet is used for passive learning, e.g. more than 80% of the students never post the content on a school discussion group or blog. Still, the internet is involved more often in older students’ learning.

A minority of young people are exposed to serious risks. For instance, about 14% of older students had received sexual messages and 9% of the whole sample had sent hurtful or nasty messages online. Only about 7% of participants carried out cyberbullying or hate speech. Unfortunately, the percentage of passive recipients is higher, reaching one-third.

Young people generally assess their online competences critically – only about 60% highly evaluate their ability to decide which content may be published on the internet, and a third are totally sure they can install mobile applications. About 12% admit not being able to set privacy settings (e.g. on social networking sites).

Highlights

  • Polish national report: Pyżalski, J., Zdrodowska, A., Tomczyk, Ł. & Abramczuk K. (2019) Polskie badania EU Kids Online 2018. Najważniejsze wyniki i wnioski. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM
  • Cyberbullying in Polish children overlaps with traditional bullying where technologies are not used (physical violence, verbal violence and exclusion). It rarely happens that someone is a victim or a perpetrator online without being involved in traditional peer violence.
  • Using the internet moderately when it comes to time online only slightly affects involvement in online risks. Those using the internet for half an hour or less a day experienced online risks almost as often as the rest of the sample.

Reports and publications

Factsheet

Summary of findings

Recommendations

Full report

Safety guide

Publications

Tomczyk, Ł. (2024). Digital transformation and digital competences of urban and rural Polish youths. Politics and Governance, 12. 

Pyżalski, J., Walter, N., & Tomczyk, Ł. (2022). Problematic Internet Use: Pre-Pandemic Scale of the Phenomenon Among Adolescents in the Three Visegrad Countries (Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia). The New Educational Review, 69, 65–81.

Pyżalski, J., Zdrodowska, A., Tomczyk, Ł. & Abramczuk K. (2019) Polskie badania EU Kids Online 2018. Najważniejsze wyniki i wnioski. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM

Presentations

Kirwil, L. (2012). Kilka mitów o dzieciach w internecie. Wyniki EU Kids Online II.  Dzień Bezpiecznego Internetu, 7.02.2012.

Kirwil, L. (2011). Jak dzieci korzystają  z serwisów społecznościowych (SNS)? Wyniki badań  EU Kids Online II. V Międzynarodowa Konferencja Bezpieczeństwo dzieci i młodzieżyw Internecie", Warszawa, 20-21 września 2011

Kirwil, L. (2011). Jak rozumieć negatywne skutki korzystania z internetu przez dzieci w świetle wyników badań EU Kids Online II? V Międzynarodowa Konferencja Bezpieczeństwo dzieci i młodzieżyw Internecie", Warszawa, 20-21 września 2011

Kirwil, L. (2011). Ryzykowne zachowania dzieci i młodzieży w siecioraz ich konsekwencje, VIII Ogólnopolska Konferencja „Pomoc dzieciom-ofiarom przestępstw" 24-25 października 2011, Warszawa.

Kirwil, L. (2012).  Internet to więcej niż zabawa. To Twoje życie"

Questionnaires

The EU Kids Online fieldwork involved several questionnaires. First, a face to face interview with one parent. Second, a face to face interview with the child. Then a self-completion interview for sensitive questions, with one version for 9-10 year olds and one version for 11-16 year olds.

Questionnaire for parent

Questionnaire for child

Self-completion questionnaire for child (Children age 9-10)

Self-completion questionnaire for child (Children age 11-16)

Team

The former EU Kids online team in Poland was Lucyna Kirwil (Ph.D.), Małgorzata Wójcik (Ph. D) and Aldona Zdrodowska (M.A.).

Jacek Pyżalski

Jacek Pyżalski is a Professor of Education at the Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and the coordinator of the Polish EU Kids Online team. A leading expert in media education, his research focuses on electronic aggression and cyberbullying, online gambling, and prosocial online behaviours.

He is the author of numerous publications, including the first Polish monograph on electronic aggression, Agresja elektroniczna wśród dzieci i młodzieży (Electronic Aggression Among Children and Adolescents, GWP, Sopot 2011). He has coordinated and contributed to over 50 scientific projects and led more than a dozen national and international initiatives, including ACERISH 2, Adults Mentoring, ROBUSD, and ECIP.

He has represented Poland in multiple European Science Foundation COST Actions, including IS0801 (Cyberbullying: Coping with Negative and Enhancing Positive Uses of New Technologies in Educational Settings), IS1210 (Appearance Matters), and CA16207 (European Network for Problematic Usage of the Internet).

More information: Google Scholar

Contact: pyzalski@amu.edu.pl

Aldona Zdrodowska

Aldona Zdrodowska (M.A.) is a social psychologist specialising in media psychology and human-computer interaction. She is a researcher at the Interactive Technologies Laboratory at the National Information Processing Institute in Warsaw and teaches social psychology, internet psychology, and statistics at SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities.

She has participated in several nationally and internationally funded research projects, including EU Kids Online, where she has been a researcher for the Polish team since 2008.

Łukasz Tomczyk

Łukasz Tomczyk holds a PhD in adult education from Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and a PhD in media education and social pedagogy from the Pedagogical University of Cracow. He is also a computer science engineer.

He is the author of four monographs and 80 scientific articles, as well as the editor of 13 collective monographs. A member of the Academic Association of Andragogy, he has lectured at universities in Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Germany. His research focuses on media education, the information society, and lifelong learning.

An expert in quantitative analysis and educational research methodology, he has served as a reviewer for textbooks for the Ministry of Education. He is a recipient of a scholarship from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education for young scientists and a member of the research network COST Action CA16207 European Network for Problematic Usage of the Internet.

Kasia abramczuk

Katarzyna Abramczuk holds a PhD in mathematical sociology from the University of Warsaw, Poland. She is a data analyst and statistician at the National Institute of Processing Information in Warsaw. Her research specialises in interdisciplinary approaches to decision-making, trust, reciprocity, and ICT technologies from sociological and cognitive perspectives.

An expert in quantitative research methodology and data analysis, she has authored 40 papers and presented at leading international conferences. She has been a research fellow at the University of the Basque Country, the Free University of Berlin, and the Max Planck Institute for Human Development.

She has taught a range of courses at the University of Warsaw, Collegium Civitas in Warsaw, and the Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology. Her teaching topics include statistics, SPSS, social research methodology, game theory, theories of rationality, formal modelling in social sciences, and experimental design.

Konrad Ciesiołkiewicz(1)

Konrad Ciesiołkiewicz is a psychologist and political scientist by education, holding a PhD in social sciences with a specialisation in social communication and media studies. From 2008 to 2024, he served as a board member and the head of the Orange Foundation in Poland, a leading organisation that collaborates with schools and preschools across the country to implement programmes on digital, information, and media literacy.

He is the co-author of the first survey on digital hygiene in Poland, conducted by the Digital Hygiene Institute and the Orange Foundation (Newsline, Rzeszów, 2023). He also initiated and co-authored a survey and report on children's rights and their agency in the information society in Poland (Orange Foundation, Warsaw, 2023).

1516787995692(1)

Iwona Brzózka-Złotnicka is an education practitioner and co-founder of the Digital Dialogue Association (Stowarzyszenie Cyfrowy Dialog), where she serves as president. She leads digital and media education initiatives, including "Center for IT Excellence," "Girls Do Engineering," and "Tech Minds," supporting children and young people from kindergarten to university. The association also operates DobraTu Primary and Secondary Schools and the Digital Dialogue Non-Public Teacher Training Centre.

She was a co-creator of the educational programme at the Central House of Technology in Warsaw and a member of its programme council, as well as the nationwide initiative "Coding Masters."

A Polish philologist, librarian, and cultural animator by education, she specialises in integrating new technologies into education as an expert and adult trainer. Since 2022, she has served as the ambassador of the European Code Week initiative in Poland and actively contributes to the Broad Coalition for Digital Skills.

She has been recognised for her contributions to digital education, being named to the Honorary "List of 100"—highlighting the most influential figures in digital competency promotion in Poland—and receiving the title of "Innovation Creator."

More information: Digital Dialogue Association

Magdalena Maziarz(1)

Dr Magdalena Maziarz is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Translation Studies and Glottodidactics at the Institute of German Studies, University of Wrocław. She is a graduate of qualification studies in educational management and has experience as a teacher of German and media education at a secondary school, as well as a deputy headteacher (2014–2018).

Since 2024, she has served as President of the Polish Association for Media Education (Polskie Towarzystwo Edukacji Medialnej) and is a member of the Association of Polish Germanists. She is also an examiner for the Central Examination Board (German language) and an expert in teacher professional advancement.

She is the author of the monograph Zaangażowani w rzeczywistość. Szkolna edukacja medialna w Niemczech i Polsce (Engaged in Reality: School Media Education in Germany and Poland).

Her research interests include media and digital education across different age groups, comparative education, teaching methodologies, educational innovations, teacher training, key competencies in foreign language learning, AI in glottodidactics, and the intersection of media education with other scientific disciplines.

magdalena-slawska(1)

Dr hab. Magdalena Ślawska, prof. UŚ is a habilitated doctor (Associate Professor) in the field of Linguistics and an Associate Professor at the Institute of Journalism and Media Communication at the University of Silesia in Katowice.

Her main research interests include media genre studies, visualisation of media discourse, genre awareness among media broadcasters and recipients, stylistics, and pragmatics of media text. She is the author of the monographs Formy dialogu w gatunkach prasowych (Forms of Dialogue in Press Genres, Katowice 2014) and Sztuka mediów. O świadomości gatunkowej dziennikarzy prasowych (Art of the Media: On the Genre Awareness of Press Journalists, Katowice 2019).

She is also co-editor-in-chief of the monograph Transdyscyplinarność badań nad komunikacją medialną (Transdisciplinary Research on Media Communication). In recognition of her work, she won the “Doktorat 2012” award from the Polish Communication Association for the best doctoral thesis in communication sciences and media. Her habilitation book was also recognised in the competition for a subsidy for a scientific monograph in media education by the Polish Association for Media Education.

As an educator and tutor, she served for many years as the director of the Lifelong University at the University of Silesia in Katowice.

Links

Contact

Faculty Of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 60-568 Poznan, Szamarzewskiego 89

Email: pyzalski@amu.edu.pl