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Home-Grown Growth in African Cities: How Self-Build Housing Drives Urban and Economic Growth in Ghana and Tanzania


How Self-Build Housing Drives Urban and Economic Growth in Ghana and Tanzania


This research investigates what drives urbanisation in Ghana and Tanzania and how urbanisation contributes to employment and economic growth through a study of the economy of self-build housing in two established cities and two fast-growing towns.

This project investigates how the economy of self-build housing contributes to urban and economic growth.

Understanding what drives rapid urban growth is an urgent priority for African governments as they strive to ensure that housing, services and infrastructure keep pace with rising populations. Our project investigates how peoples’ desire to improve their lives by building better housing affects the growth of towns and cities and how the goods, services and assets generated through self-organised house-building contribute to the wider economy and urban change.

Most academic and policy work on self-built housing in the Global South has focused on negative impacts, including high density informal settlements where people live in extreme poverty. In much of Africa self-building is usual across all income groups and fuels the growth of all types of urban areas, from high-density informal settlements to better quality residential neighbourhoods developed by higher income residents. Over time self-build housing creates capital stock and income opportunities that provide a catalyst for residential and social mobility.

Accelerating urbanisation in established cities and small towns is driven by people acquiring plots of land and building houses gradually while renting space within them to lower income tenants and conducting businesses in and from housing. We will examine how this ‘housing economy’ operates in the absence of formal financial institutions, creating substantial opportunities for income, employment and asset generation which accelerate urban and economic growth.

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Project team workshop. Dar es Salaam. 2022. 

 

Aims and Scope

We aim to answer three research questions:

1. How do people living in urban areas access housing as tenants or owners and how do they gain resources to acquire, finance and improve their homes?

2. How does self-organised construction contribute to the economies of urban areas?

3. How does the economy of self-build housing affect social mobility, inequality and neighbourhood change?

The project is based on qualitative research in two of Africa’s fastest-growing cities (Accra, Ghana; and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania), and in two fast-growing towns (Techiman, Ghana; and Ifakara, Tanzania).

The research is organised in to three work packages:

1. Using surveys to show how people rent, build and make assets out of houses;

2. Using observation and interviews with builders, owners and renters, to describe how the economy of self-build housing creates services and employment;

3. Using interviews and oral histories with residents, businesses and local government officials to understand processes of asset accumulation, neighbourhood improvement and social differentiation in the four towns and cities. 

Research Team Members

Dr Isaac Arthur, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
ikarthur@ug.edu.gh

Dr Tom Gillespie, University of Manchester, UK
thomas.gillespie@manchester.ac.uk

Professor Maia Green, University of Manchester, UK
maia.green@manchester.ac.uk

Professor Joseph Lusugga Kironde, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
lusuggakironde@gmail.com

Iddy Mayumana, Kilombero Valley Health and Livelihood Promotion, Ifakara, Tanzania
imayumana@yahoo.com

Professor Claire Mercer, London School of Economics, UK (Principal Investigator)
c.c.mercer@lse.ac.uk

Professor Diana Mitlin, University of Manchester, UK
diana.mitlin@lse.ac.uk

Professor George Owusu, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
gowusu@ug.edu.gh

Dr Shaaban Sheuya, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
sheuya@yahoo.com

Project Partners

Policy Fellows

Advisory Board 

Danny Mwasandube, Webb Uronu Consultant Quantity Surveyors, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Dr Daniel Mbisso, Head of the Architecture Department, Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (2021-22)

Dr Wilfred Anim-Odame, CEO at Lands Commission, Accra, Ghana

Professor Wilbard J Kombe, Professor at the Institute for Human Settlements Studies, Ardhi University

Funding 

The research is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) of the UK. The project runs from December 2021 to June 2025.

Research Outputs

Working Paper, Home-Grown Growth in African Cities: How Self-Build Housing Drives Urban and Economic Growth in Ghana and Tanzania. Read paper

 

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Home improvements. Ifakara, Tanzania. 

 

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Self-build housing, Accra, Ghana. 
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Incremental building. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.  

 

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Column Moulds. Techiman, Ghana.