Professor Vanessa Rubio Márquez

This course is available on the Double Master of Public Administration (LSE-Columbia), Double Master of Public Administration (LSE-Sciences Po), Double Master of Public Administration (LSE-University of Toronto), MPA Dual Degree (LSE and Hertie), MPA Dual Degree (LSE and NUS), MPA Dual Degree (LSE and Tokyo), MPA in Data Science for Public Policy, Master of Public Administration and Master of Public Policy. This course is not available as an outside option.

This course has a limited number of places (it is controlled access) and demand is typically very high. 

This course shall help students construct an analytical mindset to policymaking, through the application of a bespoke policy-making toolbox developed by the professor.  The course offers an end-to-end guide of key elements that affect decision-making and decision-maker through the policy process, to offer a geography- and sector-agnostic toolbox that students can apply during their future professional journeys.  It shall encompass aspects such as developing a multi-disciplinary and nuanced approach to analysing and defining a policy problem, consideration of policy options, stakeholder engagement, and monitoring and evaluation.  It offers a practitioner's perspective on decision-making within the policy process, to complement the theoretical perspective offered by other courses.

In developing a practical intuition to policymaking, it will also emphasise the unique challenges faced by policy-makers in addressing and managing information, communication, negotiation, implementation and dealing with the politics of policies.

The course has three components to maximise student engagement and participation - lectures, seminars, and a policy laboratory. During the lectures, the professor will present an array of concepts and practical policy-making cases at the local, national, and international levels. The aim of the course is not to study specific decision-making cases, but rather to use the case-studies as examples and models of generalisable insights to understand the way decision-making processes operate in the policy world. A discussion of the lecture content and Q&As will take place in a distinct seminar at the end of each lecture.

During the policy lab, students will be organised into groups that are tasked with presenting and enacting specific decision-making cases (simulations) previously provided to them. They will receive questions and comments from the rest of the class and permanent feedback from the professor and the teaching assistant. The simulation exercises used in the lab will enable students to experience all the major steps in the decision-making process. They will equip students with the ability to: define a problem, craft a solution, propose a public policy in concept, draft a public policy proposal in detail while thinking through the different aspects and challenges in the implementation of the policy. Students will be required to consider and map constraints and challenges such as timing, imperfect information, stakeholders' interests, sequencing and prioritisation. They will learn the importance of emotions, interests and institutional factors in policy-making and the ways they can be used to understand contexts and improve outcomes.

The course has also been designed to help the students understand the relevance of developing a stakeholder map that can be used when designing and implementing policies, while analysing and factoring in various legal and practical implications for the different stakeholders who are involved in the decision-making process. Students will also learn about the communication of policy choices, the relevance of the media in creating a positive (or negative) environment for policy implementation, and the way policies are determined or constrained by factors such as economic, financial, cultural and environmental considerations.

31 hours and 30 minutes of seminars in the AT.

Weekly teaching structure:

Harvard-style lecture one – 90 minutes lecture and seminar

Live 40-minute lectures will take place on a weekly basis, followed by a 40-minute seminar for Q&A’s and interactive discussions on the themes covered in the lecture. At the end, 10 minutes will be dedicated to the preparation of that week´s presentation and simulation exercise by the relevant student group.

Harvard-style lecture two - 90 minutes: Public Policy Laboratory

Student groups will present and simulate a decision-making case (parameters given by the Professor). Presentations will take 30 minutes and will be followed by feedback/discussion with the Professor and the rest of the group that will take an hour.

Students are required to attend lectures, seminars and policy labs. An attendance record will be kept by the professor.

For the policy laboratory exercise, students will make three formative presentations/simulations on their assigned case to prepare for the final summative presentation. The professor will provide advice and feedback to students on a group and individual basis.

• Acemoglu, D. (08 June, 2022). Understanding the New Nationalism. https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/new-nationalism-three-factors-reaction-to-globalization-by-daron-acemoglu-2022-06.
• Ariely, Dan; Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces that Shape our Decisions; Harper Collins; 2008.
• Al-Rodhan, Nayef; Andrews, John, et.al.; The Age of Perplexity; Penguin Random House; 2018. https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/books/
• Brooks, D. (08 April, 2022). Globalization is Over. The Global Culture Wars Have Begun. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/08/opinion/globalization-global-culture-war.html
• Day, David V.; and John Antonakis; The Nature of Leadership; Sage, 2012.
• Fukuyama, F. (May/June, 2022). A Country of Their Own. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/ukraine/2022-04-01/francis-fukuyama-liberalism-country.
• Gertler, Paul; Martinez, Sebastian; Premand, Patrick; Rawlings, Laura B; and Vemeersch, Christel M.J.; Impact Evaluation in Practice; Second Edition; International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, 2016. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/ebbe3565-69ff-5fe2-b65d-11329cf45293
• Gladwell, Malcolm; Blink: the power of thinking without thinking; Little Brown and Company, 2005.
• Goldin, Claudia; Career and Family; Princeton University Press; 2021.
• Kahneman, Daniel; Thinking Fast and Slow; Farrar, Straus and Giroux; 2011.
• Naim, M. (19 May, 2022). The Revenge of Tyranny. https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/the-revenge-of-tyranny-by-moises-naim/
• Nussbaum, Martha; Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions; Cambridge University Press, 2003.
• Raiffa, Howard; The Art and Science of Negotiation; Belknap Press; 1982.
• Stone, Deborah; Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making (Revised Edition); W W Norton and Co.; 2001.

• Acemoglu, Daron; and Robinson, James A.; Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, prosperity and Poverty; Profile Books, 2012.
• Applebaum, Anne, Twilight of Democracy, Penguin, 2021.
• Arendt, Hannah; The Origins of Totalitarism; Schocken Books, 1951.
• Banerjee, Abhijit V.; and Dulfo, Esther; Poor Economics: The Surprising Truth about Life on Less Than $1 a Day; Public Affairs, 2011.
• Christian, Brian and Griffiths, Tom; Algorithms to Live By; Harper Collins; 2016.
• Criado-Perez Caroline; Invisible Women; Vintage Publishing, 2019.
• Davies, Richard; Extreme Economies: When Life at the World’s Margins Can Teach Us About Our Own Future; Penguin Random House, 2020.
• Druker, Peter F.; “The Effective Decision”, Harvard Business Review; January, 1967.
• Giest, Sarah and Howlett, Michael; “Understanding the preconditions of commons governance: the role of network management”, Elsevier Environmental Science and Policy XXX, 2013.
• Gilbert, Daniel; Stumbling on Happiness; Knopf, 2006.
• Haidt, Jonathan; The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Politics and Religion; Penguin Books; 2012.
• Hudson, Bob; Hunter, David; and Deckham, Stephen; “Policy failure and the policy-implementation gap: Can policy support programs help?”; Policy design and practice, vol. 2, 2019, issue 1, pp 1-14.
• Juliusson, Ásgeir; Karlsson Niklas and Gärling, Tommy, “Weighing the past and the future in decision making”, European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, volume 17, 2005.
• Kahneman, Daniel; Sibony, Oliver; and Sunstein, Cass R.; Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgement; William Collins, 2021.
• Klein, Ezra; Why we’re polarized; Profile Books Ltd, 2020.
• Langer, Ellen J.; “The Illusion of Control”; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology; 1975.
• Levitin, Daniel; The Organized Mind: Thinking Straight in the Age of Information Overload; Dutton, 2014.
• Lindblom, Charles, The Policy-Making Process, Prentice-Hall, 1980.
• Luntz, Frank; Words That Work: It’s Not What You Say, It’s What People Hear; New York Hachette Books, 2008.
• Mettler, Suzanne; The Submerged State: How invisible government policies are undermining American democracy; University of Chicago Press; 2011.
• Mintz, Alex and DeRouen, Karl Jr.; Understanding Foreign Policy Decision Making; Cambridge University Press; 2010.
• Moyo, Dambisa; Edge of Chaos: Why Democracy Is Failing to Deliver and How to Fix It; Little, Brown, 2018.
• Nussbaum, Martha; Political Emotions: Why Love Matters for Justice; Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 2013.
• Piketty, Thomas; “Self-Fulfilling Beliefs About Social Status”, Journal of Public Economics, LXX, 1998.
• Pinker, Steven; Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism and Progress; Viking Penguin, 2018.
• Pinker, Steven; Rationality: What it is, Why it Seems Scarce, Why it Matters; Viking, 2021.
• Protzer, Eric; and Summerville, Paul; Reclaiming Populism: How Economic Fairness Can Win Back Disenchanted Voters; Polity Press, 2022.
• Rosling, Hans; Factfulness: The Reasons We’re Wrong About the World and Why Things Are Better Than You Think; Sceptre, 2019.
• Scruton, Roger; Conservatism: An Invitation to the Great Tradition; All Points Books, 2017.
• Stanovich, K. E. and West, R. F., “On the relative independence of thinking biases and cognitive ability”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2008.
• Sturge, Georgina; Bad Data: how governments, politicians and the rest of us get misled by numbers; The Bridge Street Press, 2022.
• Taleb, Nassim Nicholas, Antifragile: things that gain from disorder, Random House, 2012.
• Temelkuran, Ece; How to lose a country; the seven steps from democracy to dictatorship; Fourth Estate, 2019.
• Thaler, Richard H.; Nudge: improving decisions about health, wealth and happiness; Yale University Press; 2008.
• Vertzberger, Yaacov Y. I.; The World In Their Minds: Information Processing, Cognition and Perception in Foreign Policy Decisionmaking; Stanford University Press; 1990.
• Westen, Drew; The Political Brain: The Role of Emotion in Deciding the Fate of the Nation; Peresus Books; 2017.
• Woods, Ngaire, “The Political Economy of Globalisation”; St. Martin’s Press, NY, 2000, pp 1-19.
• World Bank, Reversals of Fortune, World Bank Group, 2020. (openknowledge.worldbank.org)

Coursework (60%, 1000 words) in the AT.
Presentation (40%).

• Coursework - Policy Memo (60%): An individual policy project based on the specific policy-making case assigned to each working group is due in Week 9.  An outline of the policy memo may be presented by the end of Week 6 in order to receive feedback by the end of Week 7 (1,000 words, worth 60%).
• War room presentations (40%): The final presentations and simulation exercises delivered by the working groups in the policy lab will be assessed individually during Weeks 10 and 11 of Autumn Term.

Feedback will be provided on all elements of the formative and summative coursework, both in class and during office hours with the professor and TA, on a group and individual basis. Further details on the formative and summative assessments will be provided during the course.

The professor will dedicate additional time with each of the groups to guide them in the preparation of their lab project (presentation-simulation).