Dr Giulia Leonelli

This course is available on the LLM (extended part-time), LLM (full-time) and University of Pennsylvania Law School LLM Visiting Students. This course is available as an outside option to students on other programmes where regulations permit.

This course explores different regulatory and policy strategies to tackle climate change, casting light on their implications, limits, and relevant challenges on the path to net-zero. It draws on a distinctive problem-oriented approach and employs specific case studies, cutting across the fields of trade law, US law, EU law, public international law, and domestic litigation.

The course combines a solid analysis of relevant technical legal aspects with a discussion of the bigger picture. The in-depth examination of topical regulatory and policy issues is set against the backdrop of an increasingly complex geopolitical and socioeconomic landscape. As students zoom in and out of the interconnected case studies, the course thus enables them to see the wood through the trees.

The course maps the evolution of the law and politics of climate change mitigation across four distinct conceptual ‘building blocks’. These are (i) Multilateralism and its pitfalls; (ii) Linkages: climate, food systems, and supply chains; (iii) Beyond multilateralism: the rise of environmental ‘leverage’; and (iv) Disrupting the trade and climate change mitigation nexus?

The bigger – geopolitical and socio-economic – picture emerges gradually throughout the analysis. The course is designed in such a way as to shine a light on the interconnections between the four conceptual ‘building blocks’ and between the circumscribed case studies under analysis throughout the course. This includes (i) a focus on the relationship between the shifting regulatory architecture of the UNFCCC treaty-based climate change law regime, normative disagreements surrounding burden-sharing in the fight against climate change, and the re-articulation of the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities; (ii) the relevant legal and policy implications in the context of domestic litigation on requisite levels of mitigation; (iii) the failure of multilateralism and increasing recourse to environmental ‘leverage’ via unilateral measures and plurilateral arrangements; (iv) the limits to environmental ‘leverage’, including an examination of ‘green protectionism’, ‘eco-imperialism’, and the re-interpretation of the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities in an evolving geopolitical and socio-economic landscape; (v) a comparison of different due diligence standards and ad hoc supply chain control arrangements; and (vi) the rise of inward-looking national security-centred approaches and their domino effect on environmental ‘leverage’

20 hours of seminars in the WT. 2 hours of seminars in the ST.

Students will be expected to produce 1 essay in the WT.

• L. Rajamani, Differential Treatment in International Environmental Law (OUP, 2006), chapter 5.
• D. Bodansky and L. Rajamani, ‘The Paris Rulebook: Balancing International Prescriptiveness with National Discretion’ (2019) 69 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 1023.
• B. Mayer, ‘Temperature Targets and State Obligations on the Mitigation of Climate Change’ (2021) Journal of Environmental Law 1.
• D. Esty and N. de Arriba-Sellier, ‘Zeroing in on Net-Zero: from Soft Law to Hard Law in Corporate Climate Change Pledges’ (2023) 94 University of Colorado Law Review 635.
• A. Saab, Narratives of Hunger in International Law (CUP, 2019), chapter 1.
• G. Marin Duran and J. Scott, ‘Regulating Trade in Forest-Risk Commodities: Two Cheers for the European Union’ (2022) Journal of Environmental Law 1.
• G.C. Leonelli, ‘The Long and Winding Road Towards the Creation of Climate Clubs: Transatlantic Negotiations, Potential Regulatory Models and Challenges Ahead’ (2023) Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law 1.
• M. Bronckers and G. Gruni, ‘Retooling Sustainability Standards in EU Free Trade Agreements’ (2021) 24 Journal of International Economic Law 25.
• G.C. Leonelli, ‘Critical Raw Materials, the Net-Zero Transition and the 'Securitisation' of the Trade and Climate Change Nexus: Pinpointing Environmental Risks and Charting a New Path for Transnational Decarbonisation’ (forthcoming 2024) World Trade Review

Exam (100%, duration: 2 hours and 30 minutes, reading time: 1 minute) in the spring exam period.