For the purposes of the REF2014, impact is defined as an effect on, change or benefit to the economy, society, culture, public policy or services, health, the environment or quality of life, beyond academia. Impact includes, but is not limited to, an effect on, change or benefit to:
- the activity, attitude, awareness, behaviour, capacity, opportunity, performance, policy, practice, process or understanding
- of an audience, beneficiary, community, constituency, organisation or individuals
- in any geographic location whether locally, regionally, nationally or internationally.
Impact also includes the reduction or prevention of harm, risk, cost or other negative effects.
The impact must have occurred specifically within the period 1 January 2008 to 31 July 2013, having been at any stage of development or maturity during this period.